# R igraph manual pages

Use this if you are using igraph from R

 reciprocity {igraph} R Documentation

## Reciprocity of graphs

### Description

Calculates the reciprocity of a directed graph.

### Usage

reciprocity(graph, ignore.loops = TRUE, mode = c("default", "ratio"))


### Arguments

 graph The graph object. ignore.loops Logical constant, whether to ignore loop edges. mode See below.

### Details

The measure of reciprocity defines the proportion of mutual connections, in a directed graph. It is most commonly defined as the probability that the opposite counterpart of a directed edge is also included in the graph. Or in adjacency matrix notation: \sum_{ij} (A\cdot A')_{ij}, where A\cdot A' is the element-wise product of matrix A and its transpose. This measure is calculated if the mode argument is default.

Prior to igraph version 0.6, another measure was implemented, defined as the probability of mutual connection between a vertex pair, if we know that there is a (possibly non-mutual) connection between them. In other words, (unordered) vertex pairs are classified into three groups: (1) not-connected, (2) non-reciprocally connected, (3) reciprocally connected. The result is the size of group (3), divided by the sum of group sizes (2)+(3). This measure is calculated if mode is ratio.

### Value

A numeric scalar between zero and one.

### Author(s)

Tamas Nepusz ntamas@gmail.com and Gabor Csardi csardi.gabor@gmail.com

### Examples


g <- sample_gnp(20, 5/20, directed=TRUE)
reciprocity(g)



[Package igraph version 1.3.1 Index]