For using the igraph C library
These functions calculate various graph properties related to cliques and independent vertex sets.
igraph_cliques — Finds all or some cliques in a graph.igraph_clique_size_hist — Counts cliques of each size in the graph.igraph_cliques_callback — Calls a function for each clique in the graph.igraph_clique_handler_t — Type of clique handler functions.igraph_largest_cliques — Finds the largest clique(s) in a graph.igraph_maximal_cliques — Finds all maximal cliques in a graph.igraph_maximal_cliques_count — Count the number of maximal cliques in a graphigraph_maximal_cliques_file — Find maximal cliques and write them to a file.igraph_maximal_cliques_subset — Maximal cliques for a subset of initial verticesigraph_maximal_cliques_hist — Counts the number of maximal cliques of each size in a graph.igraph_maximal_cliques_callback — Finds maximal cliques in a graph and calls a function for each one.igraph_clique_number — Finds the clique number of the graph.
int igraph_cliques(const igraph_t *graph, igraph_vector_ptr_t *res,
igraph_integer_t min_size, igraph_integer_t max_size);
Cliques are fully connected subgraphs of a graph.
If you are only interested in the size of the largest clique in the graph,
use igraph_clique_number() instead.
The current implementation of this function uses version 1.21 of the Cliquer library by Sampo Niskanen and Patric R. J. Östergård, http://users.aalto.fi/~pat/cliquer.html
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to a pointer vector, the result will be stored
here, i.e. |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: Exponential
Example 16.1. File examples/simple/igraph_cliques.c
/* -*- mode: C -*- */ /* IGraph library. Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Gabor Csardi <csardi.gabor@gmail.com> 334 Harvard street, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA */ #include <igraph.h> #include <stdlib.h> int compare_vectors(const void *p1, const void *p2) { igraph_vector_t *v1, *v2; long s1, s2, i; v1 = *((igraph_vector_t **) p1); v2 = *((igraph_vector_t **) p2); s1 = igraph_vector_size(v1); s2 = igraph_vector_size(v2); if (s1 < s2) { return -1; } if (s1 > s2) { return 1; } for (i = 0; i < s1; ++i) { if (VECTOR(*v1)[i] < VECTOR(*v2)[i]) { return -1; } if (VECTOR(*v1)[i] > VECTOR(*v2)[i]) { return 1; } } return 0; } /* Takes a pointer vector of vectors. Sorts each vector, then sorts the pointer vector */ void canonicalize_list(igraph_vector_ptr_t *list) { long i, len; len = igraph_vector_ptr_size(list); for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { igraph_vector_sort((igraph_vector_t *) VECTOR(*list)[i]); } qsort(&(VECTOR(*list)[0]), len, sizeof(void *), &compare_vectors); } void print_vector(igraph_vector_t *v) { long int i, n = igraph_vector_size(v); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf(" %li", (long int) VECTOR(*v)[i]); } printf("\n"); } void warning_handler_ignore(const char* reason, const char* file, int line, int e) { } struct userdata { int i; igraph_vector_ptr_t *list; }; igraph_bool_t handler(igraph_vector_t *clique, void *arg) { struct userdata *ud; igraph_bool_t cont; ud = (struct userdata *) arg; cont = 1; /* true */ if (compare_vectors(&clique, &(VECTOR(*(ud->list))[ud->i])) != 0) { printf("igraph_cliques() and igraph_cliques_callback() give different results.\n"); cont = 0; /* false */ } igraph_vector_destroy(clique); igraph_free(clique); ud->i += 1; return cont; } void test_callback(const igraph_t *graph) { igraph_vector_ptr_t list; struct userdata ud; igraph_vector_ptr_init(&list, 0); igraph_cliques(graph, &list, 0, 0); ud.i = 0; ud.list = &list; igraph_cliques_callback(graph, 0, 0, &handler, (void *) &ud); IGRAPH_VECTOR_PTR_SET_ITEM_DESTRUCTOR(&list, igraph_vector_destroy); igraph_vector_ptr_destroy_all(&list); } int main() { igraph_t g; igraph_vector_ptr_t result; igraph_es_t es; igraph_integer_t omega; long int i, j, n; const int params[] = {4, -1, 2, 2, 0, 0, -1, -1}; igraph_set_warning_handler(warning_handler_ignore); igraph_vector_ptr_init(&result, 0); igraph_full(&g, 6, 0, 0); igraph_es_pairs_small(&es, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 5, -1); igraph_delete_edges(&g, es); igraph_es_destroy(&es); for (j = 0; j < sizeof(params) / (2 * sizeof(params[0])); j++) { if (params[2 * j + 1] != 0) { igraph_cliques(&g, &result, params[2 * j], params[2 * j + 1]); } else { igraph_largest_cliques(&g, &result); } n = igraph_vector_ptr_size(&result); printf("%ld cliques found\n", (long)n); canonicalize_list(&result); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { igraph_vector_t* v = (igraph_vector_t*) igraph_vector_ptr_e(&result, i); print_vector(v); igraph_vector_destroy(v); igraph_free(v); } } igraph_clique_number(&g, &omega); printf("omega=%ld\n", (long)omega); test_callback(&g); igraph_destroy(&g); igraph_tree(&g, 5, 2, IGRAPH_TREE_OUT); igraph_cliques(&g, &result, 5, 5); if (igraph_vector_ptr_size(&result) != 0) { return 1; } igraph_destroy(&g); igraph_vector_ptr_destroy(&result); return 0; }
int igraph_clique_size_hist(const igraph_t *graph, igraph_vector_t *hist,
igraph_integer_t min_size, igraph_integer_t max_size);
Cliques are fully connected subgraphs of a graph.
The current implementation of this function uses version 1.21 of the Cliquer library by Sampo Niskanen and Patric R. J. Östergård, http://users.aalto.fi/~pat/cliquer.html
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to an initialized vector. The result will be stored
here. The first element will store the number of size-1 cliques, the second
element the number of size-2 cliques, etc. For cliques smaller than |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: Exponential
int igraph_cliques_callback(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_integer_t min_size, igraph_integer_t max_size,
igraph_clique_handler_t *cliquehandler_fn, void *arg);
Cliques are fully connected subgraphs of a graph. This function
enumerates all cliques within the given size range and calls
cliquehandler_fn for each of them. The cliques are passed to the
callback function as a pointer to an igraph_vector_t. Destroying and
freeing this vector is left up to the user. Use igraph_vector_destroy()
to destroy it first, then free it using igraph_free().
The current implementation of this function uses version 1.21 of the Cliquer library by Sampo Niskanen and Patric R. J. Östergård, http://users.aalto.fi/~pat/cliquer.html
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
|
Callback function to be called for each clique.
See also |
|
Extra argument to supply to |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: Exponential
typedef igraph_bool_t igraph_clique_handler_t(igraph_vector_t *clique, void *arg);
Callback type, called when a clique was found.
See the details at the documentation of igraph_cliques_callback().
Arguments:
|
The current clique. Destroying and freeing
this vector is left to the user.
Use |
|
This extra argument was passed to |
Returns:
Boolean, whether to continue with the clique search. |
int igraph_largest_cliques(const igraph_t *graph, igraph_vector_ptr_t *res);
A clique is largest (quite intuitively) if there is no other clique in the graph which contains more vertices.
Note that this is not necessarily the same as a maximal clique, i.e. the largest cliques are always maximal but a maximal clique is not always largest.
The current implementation of this function searches
for maximal cliques using igraph_maximal_cliques_callback() and drops
those that are not the largest.
The implementation of this function changed between igraph 0.5 and 0.6, so the order of the cliques and the order of vertices within the cliques will almost surely be different between these two versions.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to an initialized pointer vector, the result will be stored here. It will be resized as needed. Note that vertices of a clique may be returned in arbitrary order. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: O(3^(|V|/3)) worst case.
int igraph_maximal_cliques(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_vector_ptr_t *res,
igraph_integer_t min_size,
igraph_integer_t max_size);
A maximal clique is a clique which can't be extended any more by adding a new vertex to it.
If you are only interested in the size of the largest clique in the
graph, use igraph_clique_number() instead.
The current implementation uses a modified Bron-Kerbosch algorithm to find the maximal cliques, see: David Eppstein, Maarten Löffler, Darren Strash: Listing All Maximal Cliques in Sparse Graphs in Near-Optimal Time. Algorithms and Computation, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 6506, 2010, pp 403-414.
The implementation of this function changed between igraph 0.5 and 0.6 and also between 0.6 and 0.7, so the order of the cliques and the order of vertices within the cliques will almost surely be different between these three versions.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to a pointer vector, the result will be stored
here, i.e. |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: O(d(n-d)3^(d/3)) worst case, d is the degeneracy of the graph, this is typically small for sparse graphs.
Example 16.2. File examples/simple/igraph_maximal_cliques.c
/* -*- mode: C -*- */ /* IGraph library. Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Gabor Csardi <csardi.gabor@gmail.com> 334 Harvard st, Cambridge MA, 02139 USA This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA */ #include <igraph.h> #define NODES 1000 #define CLIQUE_SIZE 10 #define NO_CLIQUES 10 #define INT(a) (igraph_rng_get_integer(igraph_rng_default(), 0, (a))) int permutation(igraph_vector_t *vec) { int i, r, tmp; for (i = 0; i < CLIQUE_SIZE; i++) { r = INT(NODES - 1); tmp = VECTOR(*vec)[i]; VECTOR(*vec)[i] = VECTOR(*vec)[r]; VECTOR(*vec)[r] = tmp; } return 0; } int sort_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) { const igraph_vector_t **da = (const igraph_vector_t **) a; const igraph_vector_t **db = (const igraph_vector_t **) b; int i, alen = igraph_vector_size(*da), blen = igraph_vector_size(*db); if (alen != blen) { return (alen < blen) - (alen > blen); } for (i = 0; i < alen; i++) { int ea = VECTOR(**da)[i], eb = VECTOR(**db)[i]; if (ea != eb) { return (ea > eb) - (ea < eb); } } return 0; } void sort_cliques(igraph_vector_ptr_t *cliques) { int i, n = igraph_vector_ptr_size(cliques); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { igraph_vector_t *v = VECTOR(*cliques)[i]; igraph_vector_sort(v); } igraph_qsort(VECTOR(*cliques), (size_t) n, sizeof(igraph_vector_t *), sort_cmp); } void print_and_destroy_cliques(igraph_vector_ptr_t *cliques) { int i; sort_cliques(cliques); for (i = 0; i < igraph_vector_ptr_size(cliques); i++) { igraph_vector_t *v = VECTOR(*cliques)[i]; igraph_vector_print(v); igraph_vector_destroy(v); igraph_free(v); } } int main() { igraph_t g, g2, cli; igraph_vector_t perm; igraph_vector_ptr_t cliques; igraph_integer_t no; int i; igraph_rng_seed(igraph_rng_default(), 42); /* Create a graph that has a random component, plus a number of relatively small cliques */ igraph_vector_init_seq(&perm, 0, NODES - 1); igraph_erdos_renyi_game(&g, IGRAPH_ERDOS_RENYI_GNM, NODES, NODES, /*directed=*/ 0, /*loops=*/ 0); igraph_full(&cli, CLIQUE_SIZE, /*directed=*/ 0, /*loops=*/ 0); for (i = 0; i < NO_CLIQUES; i++) { /* Permute vertices of g */ permutation(&perm); igraph_permute_vertices(&g, &g2, &perm); igraph_destroy(&g); g = g2; /* Add a clique */ igraph_union(&g2, &g, &cli, /*edge_map1=*/ 0, /*edge_map2=*/ 0); igraph_destroy(&g); g = g2; } igraph_simplify(&g, /*multiple=*/ 1, /*loop=*/ 0, /*edge_comb=*/ 0); igraph_vector_destroy(&perm); igraph_destroy(&cli); /* Find the maximal cliques */ igraph_vector_ptr_init(&cliques, 0); igraph_maximal_cliques(&g, &cliques, /*min_size=*/ 3, /*max_size=*/ 0 /*no limit*/); igraph_maximal_cliques_count(&g, &no, /*min_size=*/ 3, /*max_size=*/ 0 /*no limit*/); if (no != igraph_vector_ptr_size(&cliques)) { return 1; } /* Print and destroy them */ print_and_destroy_cliques(&cliques); /* Clean up */ igraph_vector_ptr_destroy(&cliques); igraph_destroy(&g); /* Build a triangle with a loop (thanks to Emmanuel Navarro) */ igraph_small(&g, 3, IGRAPH_UNDIRECTED, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, -1); /* Find the maximal cliques */ igraph_vector_ptr_init(&cliques, 0); igraph_maximal_cliques(&g, &cliques, /*min_size=*/ 3, /*max_size=*/ 0 /*no limit*/); igraph_maximal_cliques_count(&g, &no, /*min_size=*/ 3, /*max_size=*/ 0 /*no limit*/); if (no != igraph_vector_ptr_size(&cliques)) { return 2; } /* Print and destroy them */ print_and_destroy_cliques(&cliques); /* Clean up */ igraph_vector_ptr_destroy(&cliques); igraph_destroy(&g); return 0; }
int igraph_maximal_cliques_count(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_integer_t *res,
igraph_integer_t min_size,
igraph_integer_t max_size);
The current implementation uses a modified Bron-Kerbosch algorithm to find the maximal cliques, see: David Eppstein, Maarten Löffler, Darren Strash: Listing All Maximal Cliques in Sparse Graphs in Near-Optimal Time. Algorithms and Computation, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 6506, 2010, pp 403-414.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to an |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: O(d(n-d)3^(d/3)) worst case, d is the degeneracy of the graph, this is typically small for sparse graphs.
Example 16.3. File examples/simple/igraph_maximal_cliques.c
/* -*- mode: C -*- */ /* IGraph library. Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Gabor Csardi <csardi.gabor@gmail.com> 334 Harvard st, Cambridge MA, 02139 USA This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA */ #include <igraph.h> #define NODES 1000 #define CLIQUE_SIZE 10 #define NO_CLIQUES 10 #define INT(a) (igraph_rng_get_integer(igraph_rng_default(), 0, (a))) int permutation(igraph_vector_t *vec) { int i, r, tmp; for (i = 0; i < CLIQUE_SIZE; i++) { r = INT(NODES - 1); tmp = VECTOR(*vec)[i]; VECTOR(*vec)[i] = VECTOR(*vec)[r]; VECTOR(*vec)[r] = tmp; } return 0; } int sort_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) { const igraph_vector_t **da = (const igraph_vector_t **) a; const igraph_vector_t **db = (const igraph_vector_t **) b; int i, alen = igraph_vector_size(*da), blen = igraph_vector_size(*db); if (alen != blen) { return (alen < blen) - (alen > blen); } for (i = 0; i < alen; i++) { int ea = VECTOR(**da)[i], eb = VECTOR(**db)[i]; if (ea != eb) { return (ea > eb) - (ea < eb); } } return 0; } void sort_cliques(igraph_vector_ptr_t *cliques) { int i, n = igraph_vector_ptr_size(cliques); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { igraph_vector_t *v = VECTOR(*cliques)[i]; igraph_vector_sort(v); } igraph_qsort(VECTOR(*cliques), (size_t) n, sizeof(igraph_vector_t *), sort_cmp); } void print_and_destroy_cliques(igraph_vector_ptr_t *cliques) { int i; sort_cliques(cliques); for (i = 0; i < igraph_vector_ptr_size(cliques); i++) { igraph_vector_t *v = VECTOR(*cliques)[i]; igraph_vector_print(v); igraph_vector_destroy(v); igraph_free(v); } } int main() { igraph_t g, g2, cli; igraph_vector_t perm; igraph_vector_ptr_t cliques; igraph_integer_t no; int i; igraph_rng_seed(igraph_rng_default(), 42); /* Create a graph that has a random component, plus a number of relatively small cliques */ igraph_vector_init_seq(&perm, 0, NODES - 1); igraph_erdos_renyi_game(&g, IGRAPH_ERDOS_RENYI_GNM, NODES, NODES, /*directed=*/ 0, /*loops=*/ 0); igraph_full(&cli, CLIQUE_SIZE, /*directed=*/ 0, /*loops=*/ 0); for (i = 0; i < NO_CLIQUES; i++) { /* Permute vertices of g */ permutation(&perm); igraph_permute_vertices(&g, &g2, &perm); igraph_destroy(&g); g = g2; /* Add a clique */ igraph_union(&g2, &g, &cli, /*edge_map1=*/ 0, /*edge_map2=*/ 0); igraph_destroy(&g); g = g2; } igraph_simplify(&g, /*multiple=*/ 1, /*loop=*/ 0, /*edge_comb=*/ 0); igraph_vector_destroy(&perm); igraph_destroy(&cli); /* Find the maximal cliques */ igraph_vector_ptr_init(&cliques, 0); igraph_maximal_cliques(&g, &cliques, /*min_size=*/ 3, /*max_size=*/ 0 /*no limit*/); igraph_maximal_cliques_count(&g, &no, /*min_size=*/ 3, /*max_size=*/ 0 /*no limit*/); if (no != igraph_vector_ptr_size(&cliques)) { return 1; } /* Print and destroy them */ print_and_destroy_cliques(&cliques); /* Clean up */ igraph_vector_ptr_destroy(&cliques); igraph_destroy(&g); /* Build a triangle with a loop (thanks to Emmanuel Navarro) */ igraph_small(&g, 3, IGRAPH_UNDIRECTED, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, -1); /* Find the maximal cliques */ igraph_vector_ptr_init(&cliques, 0); igraph_maximal_cliques(&g, &cliques, /*min_size=*/ 3, /*max_size=*/ 0 /*no limit*/); igraph_maximal_cliques_count(&g, &no, /*min_size=*/ 3, /*max_size=*/ 0 /*no limit*/); if (no != igraph_vector_ptr_size(&cliques)) { return 2; } /* Print and destroy them */ print_and_destroy_cliques(&cliques); /* Clean up */ igraph_vector_ptr_destroy(&cliques); igraph_destroy(&g); return 0; }
int igraph_maximal_cliques_file(const igraph_t *graph,
FILE *outfile,
igraph_integer_t min_size,
igraph_integer_t max_size);
This function enumerates all maximal cliques and writes them to file.
Edge directions are ignored.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to the output file, it should be writable. |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: O(d(n-d)3^(d/3)) worst case, d is the degeneracy of the graph, this is typically small for sparse graphs.*
int igraph_maximal_cliques_subset(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_vector_int_t *subset,
igraph_vector_ptr_t *res,
igraph_integer_t *no,
FILE *outfile,
igraph_integer_t min_size,
igraph_integer_t max_size);
This function enumerates all maximal cliques for a subset of initial vertices and writes them to file.
Edge directions are ignored.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to an |
|
Pointer to an |
|
Pointer to an |
|
Pointer to an output file or |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: O(d(n-d)3^(d/3)) worst case, d is the degeneracy of the graph, this is typically small for sparse graphs.
int igraph_maximal_cliques_hist(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_vector_t *hist,
igraph_integer_t min_size,
igraph_integer_t max_size);
This function counts how many maximal cliques of each size are present in the graph. Size-1 maximal cliques are simply isolated vertices.
Edge directions are ignored.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to an initialized vector. The result will be stored
here. The first element will store the number of size-1 maximal cliques,
the second element the number of size-2 maximal cliques, etc.
For cliques smaller than |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: O(d(n-d)3^(d/3)) worst case, d is the degeneracy of the graph, this is typically small for sparse graphs.
int igraph_maximal_cliques_callback(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_clique_handler_t *cliquehandler_fn, void *arg,
igraph_integer_t min_size, igraph_integer_t max_size);
This function enumerates all maximal cliques within the given size range
and calls cliquehandler_fn for each of them. The cliques are passed to the
callback function as a pointer to an igraph_vector_t. Destroying and
freeing this vector is left up to the user. Use igraph_vector_destroy()
to destroy it first, then free it using igraph_free().
Edge directions are ignored.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Callback function to be called for each clique.
See also |
|
Extra argument to supply to |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: O(d(n-d)3^(d/3)) worst case, d is the degeneracy of the graph, this is typically small for sparse graphs.
int igraph_clique_number(const igraph_t *graph, igraph_integer_t *no);
The clique number of a graph is the size of the largest clique.
The current implementation of this function searches
for maximal cliques using igraph_maximal_cliques_callback() and keeps
track of the size of the largest clique that was found.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
The clique number will be returned to the |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: O(3^(|V|/3)) worst case.
int igraph_weighted_cliques(const igraph_t *graph,
const igraph_vector_t *vertex_weights, igraph_vector_ptr_t *res,
igraph_real_t min_weight, igraph_real_t max_weight, igraph_bool_t maximal);
Cliques are fully connected subgraphs of a graph. The weight of a clique is the sum of the weights of individual vertices within the clique.
The current implementation of this function uses version 1.21 of the Cliquer library by Sampo Niskanen and Patric R. J. Östergård, http://users.aalto.fi/~pat/cliquer.html Only positive integer vertex weights are supported.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
A vector of vertex weights. The current implementation
will truncate all weights to their integer parts. You may pass |
|
Pointer to a pointer vector, the result will be stored
here, i.e. |
|
Integer giving the minimum weight of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum weight of the cliques to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
|
If true, only maximal cliques will be returned |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: Exponential
int igraph_largest_weighted_cliques(const igraph_t *graph,
const igraph_vector_t *vertex_weights, igraph_vector_ptr_t *res);
Finds the clique(s) having the largest weight in the graph.
The current implementation of this function uses version 1.21 of the Cliquer library by Sampo Niskanen and Patric R. J. Östergård, http://users.aalto.fi/~pat/cliquer.html Only positive integer vertex weights are supported.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
A vector of vertex weights. The current implementation
will truncate all weights to their integer parts. You may pass |
|
Pointer to a pointer vector, the result will be stored
here, i.e. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: TODO
int igraph_weighted_clique_number(const igraph_t *graph,
const igraph_vector_t *vertex_weights, igraph_real_t *res);
The current implementation of this function uses version 1.21 of the Cliquer library by Sampo Niskanen and Patric R. J. Östergård, http://users.aalto.fi/~pat/cliquer.html Only positive integer vertex weights are supported.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
A vector of vertex weights. The current implementation
will truncate all weights to their integer parts. You may pass |
|
The largest weight will be returned to the |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: TODO
igraph_independent_vertex_sets — Finds all independent vertex sets in a graph.igraph_largest_independent_vertex_sets — Finds the largest independent vertex set(s) in a graph.igraph_maximal_independent_vertex_sets — Finds all maximal independent vertex sets of a graph.igraph_independence_number — Finds the independence number of the graph.
int igraph_independent_vertex_sets(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_vector_ptr_t *res,
igraph_integer_t min_size,
igraph_integer_t max_size);
A vertex set is considered independent if there are no edges between them.
If you are interested in the size of the largest independent vertex set,
use igraph_independence_number() instead.
The current implementation was ported to igraph from the Very Nauty Graph Library by Keith Briggs and uses the algorithm from the paper S. Tsukiyama, M. Ide, H. Ariyoshi and I. Shirawaka. A new algorithm for generating all the maximal independent sets. SIAM J Computing, 6:505--517, 1977.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to a pointer vector, the result will be stored
here, i.e. |
|
Integer giving the minimum size of the sets to be returned. If negative or zero, no lower bound will be used. |
|
Integer giving the maximum size of the sets to be returned. If negative or zero, no upper bound will be used. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: TODO
Example 16.4. File examples/simple/igraph_independent_sets.c
/* -*- mode: C -*- */ /* IGraph library. Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Gabor Csardi <csardi.gabor@gmail.com> 334 Harvard st, Cambridge MA, 02139 USA This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA */ #include <igraph.h> #include <stdlib.h> void print_vector(igraph_vector_t *v) { long int i, n = igraph_vector_size(v); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf(" %li", (long int) VECTOR(*v)[i]); } printf("\n"); } void warning_handler_ignore(const char* reason, const char* file, int line, int e) { } int main() { igraph_t g; igraph_vector_ptr_t result; long int i, j, n; igraph_integer_t alpha; const int params[] = {4, -1, 2, 2, 0, 0, -1, -1}; igraph_set_warning_handler(warning_handler_ignore); igraph_vector_ptr_init(&result, 0); igraph_tree(&g, 5, 2, IGRAPH_TREE_OUT); for (j = 0; j < sizeof(params) / (2 * sizeof(params[0])); j++) { if (params[2 * j + 1] != 0) { igraph_independent_vertex_sets(&g, &result, params[2 * j], params[2 * j + 1]); } else { igraph_largest_independent_vertex_sets(&g, &result); } n = igraph_vector_ptr_size(&result); printf("%ld independent sets found\n", (long)n); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { igraph_vector_t* v; v = igraph_vector_ptr_e(&result, i); print_vector((igraph_vector_t*)v); igraph_vector_destroy(v); igraph_free(v); } } igraph_destroy(&g); igraph_tree(&g, 10, 2, IGRAPH_TREE_OUT); igraph_maximal_independent_vertex_sets(&g, &result); n = igraph_vector_ptr_size(&result); printf("%ld maximal independent sets found\n", (long)n); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { igraph_vector_t* v; v = igraph_vector_ptr_e(&result, i); print_vector((igraph_vector_t*)v); igraph_vector_destroy(v); igraph_free(v); } igraph_vector_ptr_destroy(&result); igraph_independence_number(&g, &alpha); printf("alpha=%ld\n", (long)alpha); igraph_destroy(&g); return 0; }
int igraph_largest_independent_vertex_sets(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_vector_ptr_t *res);
An independent vertex set is largest if there is no other independent vertex set with more vertices in the graph.
The current implementation was ported to igraph from the Very Nauty Graph Library by Keith Briggs and uses the algorithm from the paper S. Tsukiyama, M. Ide, H. Ariyoshi and I. Shirawaka. A new algorithm for generating all the maximal independent sets. SIAM J Computing, 6:505--517, 1977.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to a pointer vector, the result will be stored here. It will be resized as needed. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: TODO
int igraph_maximal_independent_vertex_sets(const igraph_t *graph,
igraph_vector_ptr_t *res);
A maximal independent vertex set is an independent vertex set which can't be extended any more by adding a new vertex to it.
The algorithm used here is based on the following paper: S. Tsukiyama, M. Ide, H. Ariyoshi and I. Shirawaka. A new algorithm for generating all the maximal independent sets. SIAM J Computing, 6:505--517, 1977.
The implementation was originally written by Kevin O'Neill and modified by K M Briggs in the Very Nauty Graph Library. I simply re-wrote it to use igraph's data structures.
If you are interested in the size of the largest independent vertex set,
use igraph_independence_number() instead.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
Pointer to a pointer vector, the result will be stored
here, i.e. |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: TODO.
int igraph_independence_number(const igraph_t *graph, igraph_integer_t *no);
The independence number of a graph is the cardinality of the largest independent vertex set.
The current implementation was ported to igraph from the Very Nauty Graph Library by Keith Briggs and uses the algorithm from the paper S. Tsukiyama, M. Ide, H. Ariyoshi and I. Shirawaka. A new algorithm for generating all the maximal independent sets. SIAM J Computing, 6:505--517, 1977.
Arguments:
|
The input graph. |
|
The independence number will be returned to the |
Returns:
Error code. |
See also:
Time complexity: TODO.
| ← Chapter 15. Graph visitors | Chapter 17. Graph isomorphism → |